The ever increasing prices of energy coupled with decreasing availability of conventional energy sources and increasing dependence of our economy on energy for its growth and development, have perforce indicted that proper utilization of fuel is an important as the development of new or substitute energy resources.
The supply of poor quality of fuel not only aggravates the deteriorated production losses but also affect the boiler and thus causing capital losses due to their shortened life.
Low boiler efficiency & excess fuel consumption need for frequent laborious cleaning, fireside corrosion, costly maintenance & shutdown, environmental pollution etc. They all are the result of a single factor i.e. Formation of excessive smokes and soot.
Formation of smokes & soot in turn is a result of incomplete combustion of fuel. Proper fuel preparation and correctly adjusted equipment ensure optimum combustion HEATER AID treatment will eliminate the balance soot. HEATER AID is complete post ignition fireside treatment in boilers.
WHY BOILER CONSUME EXCESS FUEL ?
Everyday the carbon & soot due to incomplete combustion accumulates continuously on the boiler tubes and form a layer. This layer acts as an insulator and retards the normal transmission of heat. Hence, the efficiency of the tubes, heat exchangers are considerable reduced and much fuel is wasted as shown as available data on the subject: -
“BETTER HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE RESULTS IN LOWER EXHAUST/STACK TEMPERATURE”.
Thickness of carbon & soot
0.08mm
1.6mm
3.2mm
4.8mm.
Loss of conductivity drops
9.5%
26.2%
45.3%
69%
Waste of oils per 1000 lts.
95.
262
453.
690
Waste of steam coal per 1000kg.
86
258.
411
627
THEORY OF UNBURNT CARBON:
Fuel oil contaions carbon and hydrogen which,on combustion are converted into Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour realizing large quantities of heat.If however, combustion is incomplete,the carbon may be converted into Carbon Monoxide which results in a liberation of only 52% of the total heat in the fuel.Under very poor combustion conditions,unburnt fuel may leave through the chimney carrying away the entire heat content of the fuel vapours.
C + O2 = CO2 + 8,084 KCAL/KG OF CARBON
2C + O2 = 2CO + 2,430 KCAL/KG OF CARBON
"FOR EVERY KG OF UNBURNT CARBON, 8,084 KCALs OF HEAT IS LOST"
For every kg of carbon partially oxidized to carbon monoxide, 5,654kcal of heat is lost.incomplete combustion also leads to serious pollution problems (smoke and carbon monoxide). In a boiler, maximum permissible CO is 300ppm.
HEATER AID AS A PRIME SOLUTION OF FUEL ECONOMY,MAINTENANCE,CORROSION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION CONTROL :
HEATER AID cause isotopic oxidation of unburnt of adherent soot & carbon deposits on the boiler smokes space including uptake and condition fly ash to be blown off with normal soot blowing operation, leaving heat transfer surface clean.
HEATER AID helps preventing clinker formation BAD THERMAL CONDITION. HEATER AID reduces thermal stress on the structure and save up to 5% or more on fuel consumption, reduces maintenance cost & DOWN TIME.
HEATER AID mixture specially contain zinc base which coat the boiler tubes & prevent corrosion. Zinc has higher conductivity than Iron. It helps the conductivity & zinc is also a WELL-KNOWN DE-SOOTER.
HEATER AID QUALITY PARAMETER
DESCRIPTION
Black gray powder
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
free flowing powder
S. P. GR. At 30%
1.6 to 1.7
PH
7 to 8
ZINC
Positive
COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY
In high temperature zone scale is made up of low melting point compound of sodium, vanadium, sulfur and oxygen. These compounds once deposited are very difficult to remove and reduce thermal flow through heat transfer surfaces. Soot blower has no applicable effect on this deposit.
Thus usual chemicals compound formed on combustion of fuel containing sulfur, sodium, vanadium etc. are: -
BEFORE HEATER AID TREATMENT
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
ASH FUSION TEMP.
Vanadium Pentoxide. (V2O5)
690°
Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4)
888°
Sodium Metavandate (Na2SO4)
629°
Sodium Vanadyl Vanadate (NaOV2O5)
624°
Sodium Iron Trisulphate
{2Na3Fe(SO4)}
621°
AFTER HEATER AID TREATMENT
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
ASH FUSION TEMP.
Vanadium oxide (VO2)
2191°
Vanadium Teroxide(V2O4)
2091°
Sodium Magnesium Trisulphate
1127°
The above HEATER AID treatment compounds have high ash fusion temperature do not deposit on the heat transfer surfaces and pass off with flue gases.
HEATER AID CATALYST AFFECT BOILER SCALE DEPOSITS & SHUT
These typical problems arise from the reaction of undesirable element in the fuel (Notably sulfur & vanadium) with oxygen in the air as well as the incomplete combustion of the fuel.
The catalyst promotes more complete combustion. This reduces the production of the soot & coke like deposits resulting from unburned and incomplete burned fuel. This important since deposit build like the proverbial SNOWBALL. Once a molten deposits adheres to the wall, it provides new surface to collect other particles which may not be adhesive themselves. Thus problem start with the first particles. By reducing the amount of particles above stricture point and by more complete combustion HEATER AID catalyst help to reduce this deposit problem.
Also of an importance is the fact that the HEATER AID allows the use of less air. This is a direct result of the more complete combustion. Oxygen has different attraction to different components in the fuel mixture. Oxygen preference is for hydrocarbons and the HEATER AID makes these hydrocarbons more “AVAILABLE”, to the oxygen (i.e. more complete combustion). This means a large proportion of the oxygen reacts with fuel and consequently a smaller part is available to react with sulfur and vanadium. And with less excess air there is a less total oxygen to react with these unwanted elements. Both sulfur and vanadium can combine with oxygen to form compound with varying amounts of oxygen in each molecule sulfur become SO2 or sulfur powder. Without HEATER AID treatment Vanadium can range from vanadium oxide to V2O5, it is these high oxides that create the build of smut problem.
Of all the V2O5 create the most problem, it is the only V2O5 that is molten (liquid) at boiler operating temperature, and is therefore “STICKY”, i.e. it will adhere to boiler walls & tubes, as will be explained in the next paragraph, promotes the formation of SO3. SO3 react with water (a production of combustion) to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This is highly corrosive material, which attack and destroy the boiler tubes. SO3 is formed from reaction of sulfur dioxide with oxygen this can occur in two ways, in thermal reaction and involving V2O5.
The use of HEATER AID reduces the excess air (available oxygen) and thus retards these reactions by denying oxygen, V2O5 formation and less V2O5 for the catalyses reaction.
Thus HEATER AID reduces the formation of soot deposits and smut. By reducing the rate of formation, catalyst allows the self-cleaning processes occurring in boiler operation to clean away the build up of deposits that have already occurred. A boiler is self-cleaning (in principle) through various mechanisms including hot gas erosion (sand blasting by tribally particulate suspended in the exhaust gases), thermal expansion/contraction (boiler fired and off line) and fusion/re-structure (Freeze-melt surface tension effects upon cooling and reheating). By reducing the rate of deposition of adherents below the rate of erosion (as with the addition of HEATER AID catalyst, the full benefit of boiler self-cleaning can be realized.
Combustion processes are characterized by the reaction of molecular fragments and free atoms, collectively called free radicals. These radicals are such that they interact with each other rather indiseiminately. While one observes only the end products too, which affect the combustion/heat transfers. Observation of certain operating parameters on Board will help the trained operator to produces reduction in fuel consumption (i.e. ISO 14000 HANDALCO at U.P. ; ISO 9000 SIYARAM MILLS LTD., at Maharashtra ; ISO 9000 KRISHNA VINYLS LTD., at Maharashtra ; ISO 9000 SHREE VIGHNAR S.S.K. LTD., at Maharashtra etc.)
Excess air can be reduced while maintaining a steady clean flame. This reduction is evidence of more complete combustion, hence higher utilization of available fuel. More complete heat transfer caused by the subsequent reduction in stack gas velocity may show up as a reduction in stack temperatures or other similar parameters. Better efficiency will also be apparent from a reduction in require clean tubes indicates more complete combustion therefore better efficiency.
REDUCED BOILER MAINTENANCE COSTS
Maintenance saving from a reduction in the number of cleanings and less harmful cleaning methods adds to the reduction in corrosion of boiler stacks and decks. Physical inspection of boilers before and after HEATER AID use constantly shows a reduction in the amount of deposits. Then starting with a dirty boiler, the catalyst will normally remove existing slag deposits and clean out blocked air passages. Experience shows that when the catalyst is introduced to a clean boiler they will significantly reduce the rate of fouling and keep boiler performance high for extended period of time. In both the cases the quality of the remaining deposits is normally changed to a softer which can be more easily removed. Besides saving fuel by keeping tubes clean, fewer deposits mean that the boiler needs to be cleaned less frequently and that time consuming and POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE WATER WASHING can be replaced by safer techniques such as air lancing. Down time reduced and the acid problems of water washing are eliminated
USERS HAVE REPORTED THE FOLLOWING (ISO 14000 & ISO 9000 BIRLA ; MAFATLAL ; SIYARAM ; THERMAL POWERS)
80% to 85% decrease of total deposits, absence of hard slags formed on heat transfer surfaces and 75% decrease in the frequency of tube blowing.
Boiler which required water washing every 180 days, have extended the period to 700 days since using HEATER AID thus giving a considerable amount of money saving. The ability of the catalyst to allow a reduction in excess air prevent, acid corrosion in several ways with less air available to unit with sulfur and vanadium, the occurrence of V2O5 and SO3 is greatly reduced. The reduction in these corrosive compounds and the unproved acid dew point act to retard corrosion on boiler floor, earl bills and tubes as well as economizers stacks etc.
CONCLUSION
HEATER AID keep heat transfer surface clean, hence periodical cleaning is avoided. Generally cleaning methods are mechanical and chemical so avoided with all it subsequent disadvantage. The flue space cleaning is reduced to brooming of furnace and air blowing of tubes.
About 5% saving in fuel at any given load of sets the cost of HEATER AID many folds.
Since Boiler maintenance reduces the down time, boiler is available in the state of readiness at all times.
The oxidation of parent metal in the flue spaces is retarded.
HEATER AID being on line treatment no additional equipment or precaution is necessary in boiler operation.
TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance : A free flowing fine black grey white powder.
Flash Point : Non-flammable
HANDLING & STORAGE
Caution : Contact with eyes & skin may cause irritation.
May be harmful if swallowed.
Store in a dry place, away from water. Keep container closed between uses in a dry area.
FEATURES
Blend of highly active combustion catalysts.
Free flowing powder.
Low activation temperature.
Non flammable.
Ability to use lower grade of fuel without compromising efficiency and performance.
BENEFITS
Reduced fuel consumption.
Reduced maintenance cost.
Removes exhaust system deposits.
Reduces downtime and corrosion.
Help to maintain clean heat transfer surfaces.
Minimizes stack fires (temperature).
Increase soot blower effectiveness.
Easy to apply.
Especially suited for today’s high efficient exhaust gas recovery system.
DESCRIPTION
HEATER AID is a unique soot remover powder designed to effectively reduce combustion deposits and for maintaining clean heat transfer surfaces in boiler systems. Soot deposits in the exhaust system and boiler not only waste energy but can lead to corrosion and increase in stack fire potential and costly repairs. HEATER AID low activation temperature make it perfectly suited for today’s energy efficient recovery system in boilers.
HEATER AID works by removing the combustion binders of adherent ash and bonded deposits by reducing the ignition temperature of the products of incomplete combustion. In doing so, deposits are made friable, lose their adhering properties and are easily blown out the exhaust system during normal soot blowing operations.
APPLICATION AND USE
HEATER AID used in any fireside application such as :
F B C Boiler.
PULVERISED Boiler.
Fire tubes boiler.
Water tubes H.P. & L.P. boiler.
Pet Coke boiler.
Coal & Oil fired boiler.
Bagasse & Husk fired boiler.
Exhaust & Bio gas fired boiler.
DOZES
FBC & PULVERISED BOILERS: - (THERMAL POWER).
HEATER AID powder should be administered in the quantities before blowing the tubes as 500gms. per M. T. of coal per hour. Due to variation in design and equipment, contact for specific instructions.
INDUSTRIEAL BOILER: - (STICKS)
For every 10 M.T. steam generation capacity tubes of boiler 5 HEATER AID sticks per day for 8 hours. For better & quick result we recommended twice dozes for initial first week.
CERTIFICATES TEST REPORTS & ORDERS FROM COMPANIES: